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FAQ - FLO-2D¿¡ °üÇØ ÀÚÁÖÇÏ´Â Áú¹®

 

 

Q1. FLO-2D¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ À¯ÇüÀº ¹«¾ùÀԴϱî?

Q2. °ÝÀÚ ¿ä¼ÒÀÇ ¼ö¿¡ Á¦ÇÑÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï±î?

Q3. °ÝÀÚ ¿ä¼ÒÀÇ ÃÖ¼Ò Å©±â°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï±î?

Q4. È®»êÆÄ ¿îµ¿ ¹æÁ¤½Ä(diffusive wave momentum equation)¿¡ ¾î¶² º¯È­°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï±î?

Q5. ´Ü¼ø È«¼ö ½Ã¹Ä·¹À̼ÇÀ» ÇÒ °æ¿ì ¾î¶² µ¥ÀÌÅÍ ÆÄÀϵéÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇմϱî?

Q6. Àú´Â v2004.10 ¶Ç´Â v2006.01À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. À¥»çÀÌÆ®¿¡¼­ FLO-2D v2007.06À» ´Ù¿î¹Þ¾Æ¼­ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï±î?

Q7. CD¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇØ¼­ ¸ðµ¨ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ¼³Ä¡ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ¾î¶»°Ô ÇØ¾ß Çϳª¿ä?

Q8. HYSTRUC.DAT ÆÄÀÏÀ» °¡Áö°í ¼ö·Î¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¹è¼ö±¸(culvert)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï±î?

Q9. ¸ðµ¨ÀÌ ±×·¡ÇÈ ¸ðµå¿¡¼­ ¸ØÃß¾úÀ» ¶§ ¹«¾ùÀÌ ÁøÇàµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀԴϱî?

Q10. ¼ö·Î·Î º¯È¯ÇÒ ¶§, ±×·¡ÇÈ ¸ðµå¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

Q11. ¿Ö ¸ðÇüÀÌ ¼ö·Î(channel) ¿É¼ÇÀ¸·Î´Â ÀüÇô ½ÇÇàµÇÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï±î?

Q12. INFIL.DATÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ abstractionÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ·Á°í Çϸé, RAIN.DAT ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â abstractionÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÒ Çʿ䰡 ÀÖ³ª¿ä?

Q13. CHAN.DAT ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ¼ö·Î Áö¿À¸ÞÆ®¸®(channel geometry)À» Á¶ÇÕÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï±î?

Q14. ÀÌ·ù(mudflow)¿Í Åä»ç(sediment) À̵¿À» ÇÔ²² ¸ðÀÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï±î?

Q15. Àú´Â ´Ù¸¥ Åä»ç ÀÌ¼Û ¹æÁ¤½ÄÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ°í ½Í½À´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ Åä»ç ÀÌ¼Û ¹æÁ¤½ÄÀ» FLO-2D¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï±î?

Q16. ¼ö·Î¿Í ÁöÇ¥ À¯ÃâÀ» À§ÇÑ Çª¸£µå(fruode) ¼ö¸¦ Á¦ÇÑÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹«½¼ ¿ªÇÒÀԴϱî?

Q17. SHALLOWN º¯¼ö´Â ¾î¶»°Ô »ç¿ëµË´Ï±î?

Q18. What is the difference between the assigned n-value in FPLAIN.DAT file and the AMANN variable in the CONT.DAT file?

Q19. XARFÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀº ¹«¾ùÀԴϱî? À̰ÍÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀ» ³ªÅ¸³À´Ï±î?

Q20. Àú·ùÁöÀÇ ¹°À» ¸ðÀÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ TOL º¯¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï±î?

Q21. What happened to the minimum and maximum timesteps in v2006.01?

Q22. Can I adjust the topography in the FPLAIN.DAT file?

Q23. Can inflow hydrographs be assigned to the both the channel and floodplain nodes?

Q24. If a grid element is an outflow channel element, should it also be assigned as a floodplain grid element?

Q25. The cross section analysis is not providing the correct discharge results. What is wrong?

Q26. If the MUDFLOW option is initiated, is it necessary to assign sediment concentrations to the inflow hydrograph?

Q27. How is the floodplain outflow node flow depth calculated? 

Q28. Is the hydraulic conductivity based on saturated conditions?

Q29. When a channel is extended into two or more grid elements can the floodplain overland flow cross the channel?

Q30. Can I set stage discharge relationships for the outflow nodes?

Q31. Why is the hydraulic structure rating table is not being correctly read by the model?

Q32. What does the levee error message involving floodplain elevations refer to?

Q33. My model stops and an error message occurs indicating the model¡¯s failure to read Unit 9. What should I fix?

Q34. An error message indicates that the channel is extending into other channel elements or into a levee, how do I address this?

Q35. My error message refers to unit numbers, what are these?

Q36. Can I run the model longer than the last time increment in my inflow hydrograph?

 


 

Q1. FLO-2D¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ À¯ÇüÀº ¹«¾ùÀԴϱî?

A. »ç¾çÀÌ ÁÁ°í ºü¸¦¼ö·Ï ÁÁ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ±¸ÀÔÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Ãֽа¡Àß ºü¸¥ ÄÄÇ»Å͸¦ ±ÇÀåÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦´Â Windows XP³ª Windows VistaÀ̾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¾ÆÁ÷ Linux¸¦ Áö¿øÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ¸ðµ¨ ¸ðÀÇ´Â CPU¼Óµµ¿¡ ´Ù¼Ò ºñ·ÊÇϹǷΠ»õ ÄÄÇ»Å͸¦ ±¸ÀÔÇÒ ¶§´Â À̸¦ °í·ÁÇϽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù.

 

Q2. °ÝÀÚ ¿ä¼ÒÀÇ ¼ö¿¡ Á¦ÇÑÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï±î?

A. ÀÌ·ÐÀûÀ¸·Î, FLO-2DÀÇ °ÝÀÚ Ã¼°è¿¡¼­ °ÝÀÚ ¿ä¼ÒÀÇ ¼ö¿¡ Á¦ÇÑÀÌ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.

 

Q3. °ÝÀÚ ¿ä¼ÒÀÇ ÃÖ¼Ò Å©±â°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï±î?

A. ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ À¯ÀÔ À¯·® À¯µ¿(Discharge flux)ÀÇ °ÝÀÚ ¿ä¼Ò Å©±â¿Í °ÝÂ÷ ¿ä¼Ò Å©±â°¡ Á¶È­µÇµµ·Ï ±ÇÀåÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦ »ç¿ë¿¡ À־, 10ftÀÌÇÏÀÇ ¿ä¼Ò °ÝÀÚ´Â ±ÇÀåÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐ È«¼ö ½Ã¹Ä·¹À̼ǿ¡¼­ 50ft³ª 100ft Å©±âÀÇ ÇØ»óµµ¸é ÃæºÐÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. °ÝÀÚ ¿ä¼Ò Å©±â¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­´Â Hints_and_Guidelines.doc ¹®¼­¸¦ Âü°íÇϽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù.

 

Q4. È®»êÆÄ ¿îµ¿ ¹æÁ¤½Ä(diffusive wave momentum equation)¿¡ ¾î¶² º¯È­°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï±î?

A. V2006.01ºÎÅÍ ¿îµ¿¹æÁ¤½Ä¿¡ ´ëÇÑ È®»êÆÄ ±Ù»ç¹ý(Diffusive wave approzimation)Àº »èÁ¦µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.  ¿ÀÁ÷ FDW(Full Dynamic wave) ¿îµ¿ ¹æÀû½Ä¸¸ FLO-2D ¸ðÇü¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëÇϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. FDW´Â º¸´Ù ¸¹Àº ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ÀÚ¿ø(Resources)À» ¿ä±¸ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ ºü¸¥ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­¿¡¼­´Â Å« ¹®Á¦´Â ¾Æ´Ï¸ç, ´ÜÁ¡Àº È®»êÆÄ ¹æÁ¤½Ä¿¡ ´ëÇØ Áõ°¡µÈ ¼öÄ¡ ¾ÈÁ¤ÀÌ °úÁߵȴٴ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

 

Q5. ´Ü¼ø È«¼ö ½Ã¹Ä·¹À̼ÇÀ» ÇÒ °æ¿ì ¾î¶² µ¥ÀÌÅÍ ÆÄÀϵéÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇմϱî?

A. °¡Àå ´Ü¼øÇÑ È«¼ö ½Ã¹Ä·¹À̼ÇÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â, ¼ö·Î(channels), ½Ã°¡Áö(streets) ¶Ç´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¿äÀεéÀÌ ¾ø´Â ÁöÇ¥ À¯Ãâ(ÃæÀû ÇÏõ(alluvial fan))ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ½Ã¹Ä·¹À̼ÇÀÇ °æ¿ì, FPLAIN.DAT, CADPTS.DAT, CONT.DAT, TOLER.DAT, INFLOW.DAT ±×¸®°í OUTFLOW.DAT ÆÄÀϵéÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÆÄÀϵéÀÌ ÁغñµÇ¸é GDS ÇÁ·Î¼¾¼­ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ±âº» È«¼ö ½Ã¹Ä·¹À̼ǿ¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¸ðµç ÆÄÀϵéÀ» »ý¼ºÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

 

Q6. Àú´Â v2004.10 ¶Ç´Â v2006.01À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. À¥»çÀÌÆ®¿¡¼­ FLO-2D v2007.06À» ´Ù¿î¹Þ¾Æ¼­ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï±î?

A. ¾ÈµË´Ï´Ù. °¢°¢ÀÇ ¸ðµ¨ ¹öÀüÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ·Á¸é ¾÷±×·¹ÀÌµå ¹öÀü(¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ® ¶Ç´Â Subscription installation CD)À» ±¸¸ÅÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µé°ú DLL µéÀ» ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡ µî·ÏÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±¸¸ÅÇϽо÷µ¥ÀÌÆ® CD¸¦ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡ ³ÖÀ¸¸é, À¥ »çÀÌÆ®¿¡ °øÁöµÈ ¹ö±× ¼öÁ¤°ú ±â´É °³¼±µÈ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µéÀ» 1³â µ¿¾È ´Ù¿î¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. À̵é ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µéÀº FLO-2D ÇÏÀ§ µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ ´ëü½Ãų ¼ö µµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

 

Q7. CD¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇØ¼­ ¸ðµ¨ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ¼³Ä¡ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ¾î¶»°Ô ÇØ¾ß Çϳª¿ä?

A. ¸ðµ¨ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ¼³Ä¡´Â ¸Å¿ì °£´ÜÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¾Æ¸¶µµ ¾î¶² ¿øÀο¡ ÀÇÇØ ÄÄÇ»ÅͰ¡ CD¸¦ ÀÐÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. À̸ÞÀÏÀ̳ª ÀüÈ­·Î ¿¬¶ôÀ» Çϼż­ »õ·Î¿î CD¸¦ ¿äûÇϼ¼¿ä. ¸¸¾à¿¡ »õ·Î¿î ¿î¿µÃ¼Ã¼¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È ¹®Á¦°¡ ¹ß»ýÇϸé, ÀúÈñ¿¡°Ô ¾Ë·ÁÁֽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù. »õ·Î¿î ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦¿Í ¾î¶² Ãæµ¹ÀÌ ÀÖ´ÂÁö ´çÀåÀº ¾Ë ¼ö ¾øÀ¸³ª È®ÀÎÇØ º¸°Ú½À´Ï´Ù.

 

Q8. HYSTRUC.DAT ÆÄÀÏÀ» °¡Áö°í ¼ö·Î¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¹è¼ö±¸(culvert)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï±î?

A. °¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±³·®°ú ¹è¼ö±¸ ¸ðµÎ ¼ö·ÎÀÇ ±¸¼º ¿ä¼Ò·Î ¸ðµ¨¸µÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¹è¼ö±¸´Â ¿©·¯ °ÝÀÚ ¿ä¼Ò¿¡ ±æ°Ô °ÉÃÄ ³õÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¹è¼ö±¸¿Í ±³·®(À¯ÀÔ°ú À¯Ãú ³ëµå¸¦ °®´Â)Àº ´õ ÀÌ»ó ¿¬¼Ó ¼ö·Î ³ª È«¼öÅÍ(floodplain)¿¡ ÇÒ´çÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ¸ðµ¨¿¡¼­ È帧(flow)Àº ¾î´À ¹æÇâÀ¸·Îµç ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

 

Q9. ¸ðµ¨ÀÌ ±×·¡ÇÈ ¸ðµå¿¡¼­ ¸ØÃß¾úÀ» ¶§ ¹«¾ùÀÌ ÁøÇàµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀԴϱî?

A. ¸¸¾à ±×·¡ÇÈ ¸ðµå¿¡¼­ ¸ðµ¨ ¸ðÀǰ¡ ¸ØÃá´Ù¸é, ¸ðµ¨Àº ¿¡·¯ ±â·ÏÀ» °®±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¿¡·¯ ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ º¸°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, ERROR.CHK ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¿­¾î »ìÆì º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¸ðµ¨ÀÌ ¹è¿­ ÇÒ´ç(array allocation) ¿¡·¯¸¦ ÀÏÀ¸Ä×´Ù¸é, È­¸é¿¡ Ç¥½ÃµÈ ¿¡·¯ ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¡·¯°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÑ °÷ÀÇ ÆÄÀÏ ¹øÈ£³ª ¸ðµ¨ ¿ä¼Ò¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇÏÁö´Â ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ °æ¿ì, *.DAT ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¾ÐÃàÇÏ¿© ÀúÈñ ÂÊ¿¡ À̸ÞÀÏÀ» ÅëÇØ º¸³»ÁÖ½Ã¸é °¨»çÇϰڽÀ´Ï´Ù.

 

Q10. ¼ö·Î·Î º¯È¯ÇÒ ¶§, ±×·¡ÇÈ ¸ðµå¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

A. ±×·¡ÇÈ ¸ðµå¿¡¼­ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ´ëºÎºÐ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¿¡·¯´Â À¯ÀÔ À¯·®¼öÀ§µµ(Inflow hydrograph)¸¦ ±×¸± ¶§ ¹ß»ýÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¡ÇÈ ¸ðµå¿¡¼­´Â ÇϳªÀÇ À¯ÀÔ ³ëµå(¼ö·Î ¶Ç´Â È«¼öÅÍ(Floodplain)) ¶Ç´Â °­¿ì¸¦ ¼öÀ§µµ¿¡ ±×·Á¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ´ÜÁö ÇϳªÀÇ À¯ÀÔ À¯·®¼öÀ§µµ¸¸ ±×·Á¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. À¯ÀÔ ³ëµå(¼ö·Î ¶Ç´Â È«¼öÅÍ(Floodplain)°¡ Line1(1DEPLT)¾ÈÀÇ INFLOW.DAT ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¾ß Çϰí, À¯ÀÔ ³ë´Àµé Áß Çϳª¸¸ INFLOW.DAT¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. CONT.DAT ÆÄÀÏÀÇ Line9Àº ¹Ýµå½Ã ±×·¡ÇÈ ¸ðµå¿¡ ÇÒ´çµÇ¾î¾ß Çϰí, INPLOT = 1°ú LGPLOT = 2´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã CONT.DAT ÆÄÀÏÀÇ Line 1¿¡ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. (µ¥ÀÌÅÍ ÀÔ·Â ¸Å´º¾ó(Data Inpit Manual)¿¡ ÀÖ´Â CONT.DAT ÅÇÀ» Âü°í ¹Ù¶ø´Ï´Ù.)

 

Q11. ¿Ö ¸ðÇüÀÌ ¼ö·Î(channel) ¿É¼ÇÀ¸·Î´Â ÀüÇô ½ÇÇàµÇÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï±î?

A. °üÃøµÇ¾î¾ßÇÒ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ ÆÄÀÏµé »çÀÌ¿¡ ¿©·¯ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ Á¾¼Ó¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¼ö·Î ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ÄÑÁö°í (CONT.DAT ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ ICHANNEL = 1) ¼ö·Î À¯ÀÔÀÌ ÀÖ°í ¼ö·Î À¯ÀÔ À¯·®¼öÀ§µµ¸¦ º¸±â ¿øÇÒ °æ¿ì(CONT.DAT¿¡¼­ INPLOT = 1), ¼ö·Î À¯ÀÔ ±×·¡ÇÁ´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã Á¤È®È÷ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. (INFLOW.DATÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ IDEPLT ±×¸®°í INFLOW.DATÀÇ Ã¹¹øÂ° ¿­(Column)¿¡ C ¹®ÀÚ¸¦ °®´Â ¼ö·Î À¯ÀÔ ³ëµå°¡ ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÔ). ¼ö·Î µ¥ÀÌÅÍ ÆÄÀÏÀ» µð¹ö±ëÇÏ´Â °¡Àå °£´ÜÇÑ Á¢±Ù¹ýÀº *.BAC ÆÄÀϵéÀ» °ËÅäÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù(CONT.DAT ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ IBACKUP = 1·Î ¼³Á¤). Data Input ¸Å´º¾óÀÇ CHAN.DAT ÅÇÀ» Âü°í ÇϽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù.

 

Q12. INFIL.DATÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ abstractionÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ·Á°í Çϸé, RAIN.DAT ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â abstractionÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÒ Çʿ䰡 ÀÖ³ª¿ä?

A. ¾Æ´Ï¿ä. RAIN.DAT ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ABSTR º¯¼ö´Â ħÅõ ¿ä¼Ò¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °æ¿ì, °­¿ì abstractionÀ» ¼³¸íÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ħÅõ ¿ä¼Ò(CONT.DAT ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ INFIL = 1)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϰíÀÚ ÇÒ °æ¿ì, RAIN.DAT ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ ABSTR = 0.0À» ¼³Á¤ÇϽʽÿÀ.

 

Q13. CHAN.DAT ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ¼ö·Î Áö¿À¸ÞÆ®¸®(channel geometry)À» Á¶ÇÕÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï±î?

A.      ¿¹, CHAN.DAT ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ ¼ö·Î ¿ä¼Ò¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â °¢ ¶óÀÎÀÇ ½ÃÀÛ ºÎºÐ¿¡ SHAPE = ¡°R¡±, "V", "T", ¶Ç´Â "N"À¸·Î ¼³Á¤Çϼ¼¿ä. »ç°¢Çü, »ç´Ù¸®²Ã ¸ð¾ç ¶Ç´Â ÀÚ¿¬ÇüÀÇ È¾´Ü¸éÀ» ¼ø¼­¿¡ °ü°è¾øÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÎÁ¢ÇÏ´Â ¼ö·Î ¿ä¼Òµé »çÀÌÀÇ À¯ÀÔ ¿µ¿ª¿¡¼­ÀÇ Å« º¯µ¿¸¦ ÇÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ, ÇÁ·ÎÆÄÀÏ(PROFILES) ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­¿¡¼­ÀÇ ÇÏ»ó °æ»ç(bed slope)¸¦ °ËÅäÇÏ¿© °æ»ç°¡ ÀûÇÕÇÑÁö È®ÀÎÇϼ¼¿ä. ¿¹Á¦·Î Á¦°øÇÏ´Â Monroe ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ® ¿¹Á¦ CHAN.DAT ÆÄÀÏÀ» Âü°í Çϼ¼¿ä.

 

Q.14 ÀÌ·ù(mudflow)¿Í Åä»ç(sediment) À̵¿À» ÇÔ²² ¸ðÀÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï±î?

A.  ¾Æ´Ï¿À, À̵éÀº ÀüÇô ´Ù¸¥ µÎ°³ÀÇ ¹°¸®Àû ó¸®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·ù´Â üÀûÀÇ 20%¸¦ ÃʰúÇÏ´Â Åä»ç ³óµµ¸¦ °®´Â °í³óµµ Åä»ç À̵¿ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. The sediment transport component predicts conventional bed load and suspended load where sediment concentrations range from 3 to 10 percent by volume. Hyperconcentrated sediment flows such as mud and debris flows involve high viscosity, yield stress, buoyancy and hindered particle settling behavior and the fluid is treated as a continuum. In conventional sediment transport, water and sediment are as considered separate phases and sediment scour and deposition are simulated.   

 

Q15. Àú´Â ´Ù¸¥ Åä»ç ÀÌ¼Û ¹æÁ¤½ÄÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ°í ½Í½À´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ Åä»ç ÀÌ¼Û ¹æÁ¤½ÄÀ» FLO-2D¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï±î?

A.  ¿¹, ´Ù¸¥ Åä»ç ÀÌ¼Û ¹æÁ¤½ÄÀ» ¸ðµ¨¿¡¼­ ÄÚµùÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. »õ·Î¿î Åä»ç ÀÌ¼Û ¹æÁ¤½Ä ¶Ç´Â ´Ù¸¥ »õ·Î¿î ¿ä¼Ò¸¦ ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù¸é, Ưº°ÇÑ ÄÚµå °³¹ß ¿äûÀ» ÀúÈñ¿¡°Ô ÇØÁֽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®¿¡µµ À¯¿ëÇÑ °æ¿ì¶ó¸é, º°µµÀÇ ºñ¿ë¾øÀÌ ÇØ´ç ¹æÁ¤½ÄÀ» Ãß°¡ÇØ µå¸± ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¸¸¾à, À¯ÀÏÇϰųª ÇÑ ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â °æ¿ì, ÀÌµé ¹æÁ¤½ÄÀ» ¸ðµ¨¿¡ Ãß°¡Çϴµ¥ ÄÁ¼³ÆÃ ºñ¿ëÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

 

Q16. ¼ö·Î¿Í ÁöÇ¥ À¯Ãâ¿¡ ´ëÇØ Ǫ¸£µå(fruode) ¼ö¸¦ Á¦ÇÑÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹«½¼ ¿ªÇÒÀԴϱî?

A.  ¼ö·Î, ½Ã°¡Áö, ÁöÇ¥ À¯Ãâ¿¡ ´ëÇØ Ǫµåµå ¼ö¸¦ Á¦ÇÑÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Á¶µµ¸¦ Áõ°¡½ÃÅ´À¸·Î½á º»ÁúÀûÀ¸·Î ¼Óµµ¸¦ ÁÙÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Á¦ÇÑ Çª¸£µå ¼ö°¡ ÃʰúÇÒ ¶§, Á¶µµ n-°ªÀº ´ÙÀ½ ½Ã°£ °£°Ý¿¡ ´ëÇØ 0.001¾¿ Áõ°¡ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ÃÖ´ë Ǫ¸£µå ¼ö°¡ µÉ ¶§±îÁö °è¼Ó µË´Ï´Ù. For certain physical environments, such as alluvial fans with sand-bed surfaces, there is practical maximum Froude that should not be exceeded. Generally, on alluvial fans supercritical flow (Froude No. = 1) does not occur because more sand will be entrained in the flow reducing the flow energy. Unless bedrock is encountered, it is reasonable to assume that flow on alluvial fans will be subcritical. A practical limiting Froude number on steep slope alluvial fans is 0.95. For most river channels at bankfull, the limiting Froude number can be calculated and will generally range from 0.4 to 0.6.

 

Q17. °¡º¯ÀÇ SHALLOWN º¯¼ö´Â ¾î¶»°Ô »ç¿ëµË´Ï±î?

A. ÁöÇ¥¸é À¯ÃâÀÇ Á¶µµ n-value´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ÃÖ´ë È帧 ¼ö¸®ÇÐÀû »ó»ç¸¦ ÇÒ´çÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ¾èÀº ÁöÇ¥¸é À¯ÃâÀ» ¸ðÀÇÇϱâ À§Çؼ±, ¾èÀº È帧ÀÇ n-value(SHALLOWN)¸¦ È帧 ±íÀÌ 0.2ftÀÌÇÏ·Î ¸íÈ®ÇÏ°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ¼±»óÁöÀ§ ÁöÇ¥¸é À¯Ãâ¿¡¼­ÀÇ Ã·µÎ ½Ã°£°ú µµ´Þ ½Ã°£À» Áõ°¡½Ãŵ´Ï´Ù. The SHALLOWN value supercedes the floodplain grid element n-values when the flow depth is less than 0.2 ft.

Q18. What is the difference between the assigned n-value in FPLAIN.DAT file and the AMANN variable in the CONT.DAT file?

A. The AMANN is a global value that increments all the n-values in the FPLAIN.DAT file. AMANN is either positive or negative and is added to each grid element n-value.

 

Q19. XARFÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀº ¹«¾ùÀԴϱî? À̰ÍÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀ» ³ªÅ¸³À´Ï±î?

A. XARF is a global assignment of flood storage loss on the floodplain. If you assign XARF =0.20, it means that 20% of the surface every grid element on the floodplain is eliminated from receiving flood flows. XARF can be used to represent dense vegetation or an urban area with numerous buildings over the entire grid system. Use XARF when modifying each grid element for ARF values may be unnecessary for the level of detail in the flood simulation.

 

Q20. Àú·ùÁöÀÇ ¹°À» ¸ðÀÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ TOL º¯¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï±î?

A. No, the TOL value is a depth below which no computational routing is performed. The TOL variable is used so that the discharge routing algorithm is not performed on minor depths less than say 0.1 ft. A typical range of the TOL value is 0.1 to 0.25 ft. It should not be used to simulate storage ponding or rainfall abstraction.

 

Q21. What happened to the minimum and maximum timesteps in v2006.01?

A. The computational timestep incrementing and decrementing scheme has been further refined. The minimum timestep will continue to decrement until the user stops it. The minimum timestep at the start of the simulation is 1 second and the maximum timestep is 30 seconds. These are default values and are now hardwired in the model. .

 

Q22. Can I adjust the topography in the FPLAIN.DAT file?

A. Yes, it may be necessary to revise the grid element elevation in the FPLAIN.DAT. It is possible for the GDS interpolation of the grid element elevation from the DTM points to result in an inappropriate elevation. There are number of ways to edit floodplain elevations. The GDS and FLOENVIR can graphical edit grid element elevations. You may also edit the FPLAIN.DAT file directly using an ASCII editor.

 

Q23. Can inflow hydrographs be assigned to the both the channel and floodplain nodes?

A. Inflow hydrographs can be assigned to any number or combination of the channel and floodplain grid elements. Inflow hydrographs for the channel and floodplain should not be assigned to the same grid element.

 

Q24. If a grid element is an outflow channel element, should it also be assigned as a floodplain grid element?

A. It is suggested that an outflow element with a channel should also be assigned as a floodplain outflow element to permit any overbank flow to flow off the grid system.

 

Q25. The cross section analysis is not providing the correct discharge results. What is wrong?

A. When a grid element is listed in more than one cross section, the individual grid element hydrographs in the CROSS.OUT output file will not be correct.

 

Q26. If the MUDFLOW option is initiated, is it necessary to assign sediment concentrations to the inflow hydrograph?

A. Yes, if MUDFLOW = 1 in the CONT.DAT file, the inflow hydrographs in the INFLOW.DAT file must have sediment concentrations or volumes assigned to the hydrograph.

 

Q27. How is the floodplain outflow node flow depth calculated?

A. The outflow node flow depths are estimated using a normal depth assumption by calculating a weighted average of the flow depths in contiguous elements. The floodplain elevation of outflow nodes is automatically set to an elevation 0.25 ft or 0.1 m lower than the lowest upstream grid element unless it is already lower than all the upstream grid elements.

 

Q28. Is the hydraulic conductivity based on saturated conditions?

A. Yes, the hydraulic conductivity in the Green-Ampt equation is the saturated hydraulic conductivity.

 

Q29. When a channel is extended into two or more grid elements can the floodplain overland flow cross the channel?

A. No, the channel discharge exchange occurs between the channel and floodplain for each bank in separate floodplain elements. The floodplain flow is not shared between grid elements on the opposite side of the banks.

 

Q30. Can I set stage discharge relationships for the outflow nodes?

A. Stage discharge relationships can be assigned only for the channel outflow nodes in the OUTFLOW.DAT file. Time-stage relationship can be assigned for either channel or floodplain grid elements. .

 

Q31. Why is the hydraulic structure rating table is not being correctly read by the model?

A. The first pair of rating curve or rating table data in the HYSTRUC.DAT file should be 0. and 0. to permit interpolation between zero depth and discharge and the first pair of nonzero data.

 

Q32. What does the levee error message involving floodplain elevations refer to?

A. If the levee crest elevation is lower than the floodplain elevation for contiguous elements, a warning message appears. The levee crest elevation should be higher than both of the two floodplain elevations separated by the levee. There is no value in putting a levee along a hillside.

 

Q33. My model stops and an error message occurs indicating the model¡¯s failure to read Unit 9. What should I fix?

A. A large number of subdirectories leading to the project subdirectory results the path name that is too long for the Fortran language compiler and code. You need to either reduce the number of subdirectories to only 3 or 4 under the C:\ root directory or reduce the length of the name of the subdirectories. An error message has been introduced in the later releases of Version 2004.10 to identify this problem. This type of error message could also be posed if the data files are "read only."

 

Q34. An error message indicates that the channel is extending into other channel elements or into a levee, how do I address this?

A. Channel extensions occur when the channel width or surface area is as large as or larger than the floodplain grid element. A channel extension will split the channel attributes into two or more floodplain elements. If the channel extension occurs on the inside of a bend the channel may extend into other channel elements or channel extensions. This can be viewed in the GDS or FLOENVIR by zooming in on the channel reach. After viewing the extension in the GDS or FLOENVIR determine how the channel extension directions may be revised to eliminate the channel extension problems. You may determine that the best approach is to shorten the channel. This can be accomplished by reducing the channel top width (edit the cross section in PROFILES) or reducing the channel length (XLEN) if it appears the excessive channel surface area is the problem (see SURFAREA.OUT). The same adjustments may be necessary if the channel extends through a levee assignment, however, it may be more practical to just set the levee back further away from the river.

 

Q35. My error message refers to unit numbers, what are these?

A. The unit numbers refer to the input or outfile file that is used by the model (e.g. TOLER.DAT = Unit 9). The cross reference list between these unit numbers and the file name are listed on the second page after the INPUT FILE DESCRIPTIONS tab in the Input Data portion of the manual.

 

Q36. Can I run the model longer than the last time increment in my inflow hydrograph?

A. The question is whether the simulation time SIMUL in CONT.DAT can be greater than the last time listed in the INFLOW.DAT hydrographs. The answer is yes, but the model will just extend the last discharge listed in the inflow hydrograph because the model has nothing to interpolate to. It is recommended that you list the last hydrograph discretized time interval, larger than any simulation time you might considered in future runs. The discretized hydrograph time interval does not have to be uniform and you skip from 100 hours to 500 hours in one step if necessary. Please note that you should also use a 0 time and 0 discharge for interpolating between the first and second time\discharge increments.